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. 2015 Sep 25;9(6):606–612. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.6.606

Fig. 4. A water soluble fraction of Smilax china L. leaf ethanol extract (wsSCLE) stimulates protein kinase A (PKA) signaling.

Fig. 4

(A) The expression of adenylate cyclase (AC) and PKA by wsSCLE treatment. Mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with wsSCLE (0.1 and 0.25 mg/mL) for 24 h. The β-adrenergic receptors were induced (by Iso, an agonist) and inhibited (by Pro, an antagonist). (B) The induction of the phosphorylation (p) of PKA substrates (PKAs) by wsSCLE treatment. H89 treatment (10 µM) decreased wsSCLE-induced pPKAs. Data are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicate experiments, ## P < 0.001 compared to Iso, * P < 0.05 compared to control (white bar), ¶¶ P < 0.001 compared to wsSCLE 0.25 mg/mL. Iso, isoproterenol (10 µM); Pro, propranolol (100 µM).