Fig. 5. A water-soluble fraction of Smilax china L. leaf ethanol extract (wsSCLE) induces lipolysis via activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling.

Mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with wsSCLE (0.1 and 0.25 mg/mL) for 24 h. A β-adrenergic receptor agonist and antagonist (Iso and Pro, respectively) were used as cAMP inducer and inhibitor, respectively. Intracellular cAMP levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicate experiments. ^* P < 0.05, ^** P < 0.001. Iso, isoproterenol (10 µM); Pro, propranolol, (100 µM).