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. 2015 Dec 2;15:266. doi: 10.1186/s12862-015-0547-2

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© Goenaga et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Multivariate relationship between male reproductive success and the seminal fluid composition. An ordination of the 15 C. maculatus populations studied here along the first pair of canonical variables, showing a significant covariation between the relative abundance of 56 SFPs (along the abscissa) and the reproductive phenotypic responses to seminal fluid (along the ordinate) (R _c = 0.97, Bartlett’s test: χ² ₃₆ = 56.7, P = 0.015). The second pair of canonical variables were marginally non-significant (R _c = 0.93, Bartlett’s test: χ² ₂₅ = 35.4, P = 0.081). A sizeable and significant proportion of total variance in reproductive phenotypes across populations was thus accounted for by variance in SFP abundance (Stewart-Love Canonical Redundancy Index: Rd = 0.713, bootstrapped 95 % CI: 0.61 − 0.80)