Table 3.
Difference in Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010 in adult cancer survivors and non-cancer individuals by smoking status, NHANES 1999–2010
| Nonsmokers (N=2,120) | Former smokers (N=1,659) | Current Smokers (N=826) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Mean1 | P value | Mean1 | P value | Mean1 | P value | |
| Adequacy Components | ||||||
| Total vegetables | 0.1 | 0.43 | −0.1 | 0.37 | 0.1 | 0.70 |
| Greens and beans | 0.2 | 0.08 | −0.2 | 0.06 | −0.2 | 0.16 |
| Total fruit | 0.1 | 0.57 | 0.1 | 0.56 | −0.1 | 0.37 |
| Whole fruit | 0.2 | 0.23 | 0.1 | 0.51 | −0.2 | 0.22 |
| Whole grains | 0.2 | 0.21 | −0.1 | 0.60 | −0.4 | 0.11 |
| Dairy | 0.2 | 0.31 | −0.1 | 0.48 | 0.1 | 0.83 |
| Total protein foods | 0.1 | 0.55 | 0.1 | 0.65 | 0.1 | 0.62 |
| Seafood and plant protein | −0.03 | 0.79 | 0.02 | 0.85 | −0.1 | 0.44 |
| Fatty acids | −0.02 | 0.93 | 0.1 | 0.52 | −0.2 | 0.52 |
| Moderation Components | ||||||
| Sodium | −0.3 | 0.21 | 0.1 | 0.69 | 0.2 | 0.60 |
| Refined grains | −0.3 | 0.20 | 0.1 | 0.53 | 0.01 | 0.97 |
| Empty calories | −0.02 | 0.94 | −0.9 | 0.02 | −2.1 | 0.005 |
| Total HEI score | 0.5 | 0.59 | −0.8 | 0.28 | −2.9 | 0.002 |
1
Mean was calculated as the mean difference in HEI-2010 score between cancer survivors and non-cancer individuals; and a mean difference <0 corresponds to a lower score in cancer survivors than non-cancer individuals. The mean difference was adjusted for age (continuous), sex, and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and other)