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. 2015 Jun 7;77(11):1427–1435. doi: 10.1292/jvms.15-0037

Table 2. Measurements of crania.

Abbreviation Variable
TL Total length
CBL Condylobasal length
BL Basal length
SSL Short skull length
PP Premolar − Prosthion
BCA Basicranial axis
BFA Basifacial axis
NCL Neurocranium length
VCL Viscerocranium length
MFL Median frontal length
LN Lambda − Nasion
LR Lambda − Rhinion
LP Lambda − Prosthion
AKI Akrokranion − Infraorbitale of one side
GLN Greatest length of the nasals
SL Snout length
MPL Median palatal length
OPL Oral palatal length
LLP Lateral length of the premaxilla
LMPR Length of the molar and premolar row
LMR Length of the molar row
LPR Length of the premolar row
LO1 Length of the upper orbit
LO2 Length of the lower orbit
GMB Greatest mastoid breadth
GBOC Greatest breadth of the occipital condyles
GBB Greatest breadth at the bases of the paraoccipital processes
GBFM Greatest breadth of the foramen magnum
GHFM Greatest height of the foramen magnum
LFB Least frontal breadth
ZB Zygomatic breadth
LBO Least breadth between the orbits
GBO Greatest breadth across the orbits
GBN Greatest breadth across the nasals
GBP Greatest breadth across the premaxillae
BC Basion − the highest point of the superior nuchal crest

Numbers correspond measurements shown in Fig. 2. The measurements were based on Driesch (1976).