TABLE 1.
Clinical Characteristics, Hospital Course, and Patient Outcomes of Children <5 Years of Age Hospitalized With ALRI, Sa Kaeo and Nakhon Phanom provinces, Thailand, 2005–2010
| ALRI |
Radiographically Confirmed Pneumonia (n = 6645) % |
Pathogen Identified |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n = 28,543) % |
Age <28 Days (n = 195) % |
Age 28 Days–6 months (n = 2375) % |
6–23 Months (n = 14,384 % |
24–59 Months (n = 11,589) % |
Bacterial*
(n = 145) % |
Viral (n = 2695) % |
||
| Met SARI† definition | 93.0 | 48.2 | 87.0 | 93.8 | 94.0 | 93.9 | 89.7 | 97.1 |
| Tachypnea‡ | 23.0 | 23.6 | 26.2 | 25.1 | 19.7 | 32.6 | 31.0 | 29.8 |
| Cough | 96.6 | 53.3 | 93.0 | 97.0 | 97.6 | 98.0 | 91.7 | 99.0 |
| Chest indrawing | 8.3 | 24.6 | 12.1 | 7.9 | 6.3 | 12.3 | 9.0 | 8.0 |
| Dyspnea | 58.8 | 61.5 | 66.7 | 60.6 | 55.0 | 77.7 | 59.3 | 71.3 |
| Acute infection | ||||||||
| Fever§ | 46.4 | 21.0 | 32.0 | 46.1 | 50.1 | 44.9 | 60.0 | 53.4 |
| Fever history (self-reported) | 94.8 | 72.8 | 91.4 | 95.6 | 94.9 | 94.6 | 95.9 | 97.4 |
| Abnormal white blood cell count¶ | 28.8 | 17.2 | 23.5 | 28.3 | 30.9 | 28.3 | 40.2 | 22.3 |
| CXR data | ||||||||
| CXR completed | 49.2 | 53.3 | 61.9 | 50.5 | 45.0 | — | 61.4 | 83.9 |
| CXR interpreted∥ | 74.6 | 55.8 | 75.4 | 75.4 | 73.7 | — | 58.7 | 80.4 |
| Evidence of pneumonia** | 63.4 | 46.6 | 61.1 | 65.4 | 61.5 | — | 77.8 | 67.0 |
| Nonconsolidated alveolar infiltrate†† | 36.5 | 66.7 | 51.3 | 38.1 | 29.3 | — | 38.1 | 32.9 |
| Consolidated alveolar infiltrate | 10.4 | 14.8 | 14.6 | 9.9 | 10.0 | — | 21.4 | 9.6 |
| Interstitial infiltrate | 66.2 | 25.9 | 50.6 | 65.8 | 71.9 | — | 47.6 | 72.5 |
| Hospital course | ||||||||
| Intubation | 1.1 | 16.9 | 4.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 6.9 | 0.6 |
| Supplemental oxygen | 22.5 | 45.6 | 40.7 | 24.4 | 15.9 | 36.7 | 42.1 | 29.9 |
| Surgical intervention/thoracentesis | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 2.8 | 0.1 |
| Outcome | ||||||||
| Discharged | 96.8 | 85.1 | 92.4 | 97.1 | 97.6 | 96.6 | 91.0 | 97.7 |
| Transferred | 1.9 | 10.8 | 5.4 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 3.5 | 1.3 |
| Death | 0.3 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 3.5 | 0.1 |
| Other | 0.9 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 0.9 |
Including all isolates from blood cultures not considered contaminants.
SARI, severe acute respiratory infection, as defined by WHO (an acute respiratory infection with a history of fever or measured fever of ≥38°C and cough, with onset within the past 7 days, requiring hospitalization).
Tachypnea was present if respiratory rate was >60 for infants <2 months; >50 for children 2 months to 1 year; >40 for children 1–5 years.
Fever was present if a measured in-hospital fever was ≥38.0°C.
Proportions displayed are among those with white blood cell counts measured. Normal age-specific white blood cell count ranges were 9,000-30,000/mm3 for age < 7 days; 5,000-20,000/mm3 for 7 days to 1 month; 6,000-17,500/mm3 for 1 month to 23 months; 6,000-17,000/mm3 for 2-3 years; 5,500-15,500/mm3 for 4 years.32
The proportion of CXRs interpreted was calculated as the number of CXRs with official readings divided by the number of CXRs completed.
The proportion of CXRs with evidence of pneumonia was calculated as the number CXRs with pneumonia divided by the number of CXRs with interpretations.
The proportion of CXRs with infiltrates was calculated as the number with each specific type of infiltrate divided by the number of CXRs with evidence of pneumonia.