Figure 1.

The frame of consonant articulation from the motion video display of articulation (top) and the acoustic waveforms of/igi/and/ibi/(bottom) used for the audio‐visual stimuli. Onset of the consonant was approximately 300 msec after stimulus onset, following the low amplitude waveform in the middle of the utterance. The video showed the articulation of the same VCV, producing congruent audio‐visual inputs (left), or of a different VCV (right). Clarity of the visual display was reduced by creating a 25% opacity in the mouth area (right) or by presenting a still frame rather than a motion video of the articulation.