FIGURE 7.

Printing heterogeneous valve and scaled valve constructs. (a) Porcine aortic valve rendered model was (b) printed, where root was formed with 700 MW PEG-DA hydrogel and the leaflets were formed with 700/8000 MW PEG-DA hydrogels. Key features such as the coronary ostium and sinuses were present (c) Scaffolds were printed with 700 MW PEG-DA at different scale for fidelity analysis, where the inner diameters (ID) were 22, 17, and 12 mm. (d) Axisymmetric valve model was (e) printed with two blends of hydrogels (f) and at 22, 17, and 12 mm ID. Scale bar = 1 cm. Reproduced with permission from Hockaday et al.⁷⁷