Table 4. Hierarchical linear regression analysis of the relationship between family environment and depressive symptoms.

		β	t	p	F change	R2	R2 change
Step1					34.099	0.036	0.036
	Age	0.056	2.782	0.005
	Gender	-0.009	-0.610	0.542
	Ethnicity	0.000	0.006	0.995
	Major satisfaction	0.182	12.515	<0.001
	Grades	-0.071	-3.549	<0.001
Step2					31.183	0.068	0.032
	Age	0.029	1.428	0.153
	Gender	-0.019	-1.300	0.194
	Ethnicity	0.001	0.094	0.925
	Major satisfaction	0.167	11.583	<0.001
	Grades	-0.054	-2.701	0.007
	Family economic status	0.057	3.690	<0.001
	Maternal literacy	-0.073	-3.968	<0.001
	Paternal literacy	-0.018	-0.991	0.322
	Family structure	-0.037	-2.339	0.019
	Parent relationship	0.137	8.547	<0.001
Step3					137.417	0.230	0.162
	Age	0.019	1.021	0.307
	Gender	-0.016	-1.231	0.218
	Ethnicity	0.006	0.459	0.646
	Major satisfaction	0.131	9.941	<0.001
	Grades	-0.044	-2.441	0.015
	Family economic status	0.044	3.118	0.002
	Maternal literacy	-0.065	-3.827	<0.001
	Paternal literacy	-0.023	-1.369	0.171
	Family structure	-0.031	-2.146	0.032
	Parent relationship	0.108	7.422	<0.001
	Cohesion	-0.134	-8.054	<0.001
	Conflict	0.143	9.528	<0.001
	Achievement	-0.053	-3.683	<0.001
	Intellectual-cultural	0.054	3.749	<0.001
	Active-recreational	-0.083	-5.861	<0.001
	Organization	-0.077	-5.184	<0.001
	Control	0.206	14.437	<0.001

Note: Gender: 1 = female, 2 = male; Ethnicity: Han = 1, other ethnicity = 2; Major of satisfaction: 1 = yes, 2 = moderate, 3 = no; Grades: 1 = first, 2 = second, 3 = third, 4 = forth; Family income situation: 1 = good(good and moderate), 2 = poor; Maternal/paternal literacy: 1 = primary school, 2 = junior school, 3 = senior school,4 = college or higher; Family structure:1 = non-intact, 2 = intact; Parent relationship: 1 = good, 2 = moderate, 3 = poor; other variables were continuous variables.