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Schematic illustration of the modulated receptor theory and guarded receptor theory on the HH type of Na+ ion channel. Figure adapted from Comtois et al. (2008). (A) Modulated receptor model proposed by Hondeghem and Katzung (1977) with transition rates from unblocked to blocked channels (k) and from blocked to unblocked (l). (B) Guarded receptor model with affinity to the inactivated and activated states (Starmer and Grant, 1985).
