Table 4. Analysis of biomarkers associated with AKI (A) in all cases, (B) in leptospirosis cases, and C) in non-leptospirosis cases.
| Biomarkers/Clinical Parameters | Odds ratio (95%CI) unadjusted | P-value | Odds ratio(95%CI) adjusted | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. For all patients (n = 206) | ||||
| uNGAL x 100 ng/mL | 2.58(1.68,3.95) | <0.001 | 18.10(2.04,160.52) a | 0.009 |
| pNGAL x 100 ng/mL | 1.48(1.33,1.64) | <0.001 | 1.59(1.28,1.97) b | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine x 0.1, mg/dL | 1.27(1.17,1.39) | <0.001 | ||
| Body temperature, °c | 0.67(0.51,0.88) | 0.005 | 0.19(0.06)0.64 a | 0.008 |
| WBC x 5000/uL | 1.10(1.04,1.16) | 0.001 | ||
| Hgb, g/dL | 0.79(0.69,0.92) | 0.002 | ||
| Platelet x 10000/uL | 0.88(0.84,0.93) | <0.001 | 0.92(0.84,1.01) a | 0.078 |
| 0.90(0.83,0.96) b | 0.003 | |||
| TB, mg/dL | 1.08(1.01,1.62) | 0.024 | ||
| DB, mg/dL | 1.15(1.02,1.29) | 0.020 | ||
| SGOT x 10, u/L | 1.05(0.99,1.12) | 0.088 | ||
| SGPT x 10, u/L | 1.01(1.00,1.02) | 0.204 | ||
| HCO3 −, mEq/L | 0.94(0.89,0.99) | 0.013 | 0.90(0.82,0.99) b | 0.026 |
| B. For leptospirosis cases (n = 113) | ||||
| uNGAL x 100 ng/mL | 2.58(1.68,3.95) | <0.001 | 14.07(1.45,136.80) a | 0.023 |
| pNGAL x 100 ng/mL | 1.40(1.25,1.58) | <0.001 | 1.45(1.18,1.78) b | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine x 0.1, mg/dL | 1.20(1.11,1.30) | <0.001 | ||
| WBC x 5000/uL | 1.12(1.03,1.21) | 0.006 | ||
| Hgb, g/dL | 0.81(0.68,0.97) | 0.023 | ||
| Platelet x 10000/uL | 0.91(0.86.0.96) | 0.001 | 0.81(0.68,0.96) a | 0.013 |
| 0.90(0.83,0.97) b | 0.008 | |||
| TB, mg/dL | 1.07(1.00,1.16) | 0.064 | ||
| DB, mg/dL | 1.16(1.00,1.34) | 0.044 | ||
| SGOT x 10, u/L | 1.02(0.96,1.08) | 0.575 | ||
| SGPT x 10, u/L | 1.00(0.99,1.02) | 0.786 | ||
| C. For non-leptospirosis cases (n = 93) | ||||
| uNGAL x 100 ng/mL | 2.11(0.99,4.48) | 0.051 | 2.11(0.99,4.48) a | 0.051 |
| pNGAL x 100 ng/mL | 1.58(1.25,2.02) | <0.001 | 2.43(1.18,4.98) b | 0.015 |
| Serum creatinine x 0.1, mg/dL | 3.2(1.01,10.2) | 0.049 | ||
| Body temperature, °c | 0.19(0.42,1.04) | 0.073 | ||
| DBP | 0.98(0.93,1.03) | 0.379 | ||
| Platelet x 10000/uL | 0.9(0.83,0.98) | 0.012 | ||
| TB, mg/dL | 1.02(0.89,1.22) | 0.472 | ||
| DB, mg/dL | 1.02(0.85,1.33) | 0.180 | ||
| SGOT x 10, u/L | 1.02(0.99,1.06) | 0.112 | 1.02(0.99,1.03) b | 0.157 |
| HCO3-, mEq/L | 0.18(0.48,0.81) | <0.001 | ||
WBC: white blood cell, Hgb: hemoglobin, TB: total bilirubin, DB: direct bilirubin, SGOT: serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, SGPT: serum glutamic, pyruvic transaminase, HCO3 −: bicarbonate
a adjusted for uNGAL,
b adjusted for pNGAL.