Table 2. Least-square mean (SE) of the postural parameters for rANOVA main effects Position, Keyboard, Time, Gender and p-values for the interactions 1 2 .
Wrist Extension | Wrist Ulnar Deviation 3 | Elbow Flexion | Neck Flexion | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Left | Right | Left | Right | Right | - | ||||||||
50th | APDF Range | 50th | APDF Range | 50th | APDF Range | 50th | APDF Range | 50th | APDF Range | 50th | APDF Range | ||
Position | p-value | 0.002 | 0.433 | <0.001 | 0.053 | <0.001 | 0.115 | 0.011 | 0.078 | <0.001 | 0.162 | 0.795 | 0.024 |
DESK | 32.4(4.0)B | 15.0(1.0)A | 30.3(3.2)B | 12.4(1.0)B | 12.7(1.9)A | 9.9(0.6)A | 11.1(1.8)A | 8.2(0.9)A | 54.6(3.2)B | 10.3(1.5)A | 12.2(1.4)A | 6.0(0.6)A | |
LAP | 51.2(4.0)A | 15.3(1.0)A | 50.5(3.2)A | 14.8(1.0)A, B | -1.4(1.9)B | 10.2(0.6)A | 4.2(2.0)A, B | 10.5(0.9)A | 55.4(3.1)B | 6.0(1.5)A | 12.0(1.6)A | 3.5(0.6)B | |
BED | 56.3(3.9)A | 13.6(1.0)A | 60.6(3.2)A | 16.0(1.0)A | 6.8(2.0)A | 8.3(0.6)A | 2.1(2.0)B | 11.2(0.9)A | 74.7(3.1)A | 8.0(1.5)A | 13.4(1.7)A | 5.2(0.6)A, B | |
Keyboard | p-value | 0.004 | 0.015 | 0.003 | 0.640 | <0.001 | 0.031 | <0.001 | 0.758 | 0.009 | 0.021 | 0.752 | 0.501 |
STD | 44.4(2.4)B | 13.8(0.6)B | 46.9(1.9)A, B | 14.1(0.6)A | 7.6(1.3)A | 9.2(0.4)A, B | 9.9(1.4)A | 10.0(0.5)A | 61.3(2.1)A, B | 7.4(1.0)B | 12.1(1.2)A | 4.9(0.4)A | |
WIDE | 48.4(2.4)A | 15.3(0.6)A | 49.2(1.9)A | 14.4(0.6)A | 7.7(1.3)A | 10.1(0.4)A | 6.3(1.4)B | 9.8(0.5)A | 58.8(2.1)B | 9.4(1.0)A | 13.1(1.2)A | 5.1(0.4)A | |
SPLIT | 47.1(2.4)A, B | 14.8(0.6)A, B | 45.5(1.9)B | 14.6(0.6)A | 2.7(1.3)B | 9.0(0.4)B | 1.2(1.4)C | 10.1(0.6)A | 64.6(2.1) A | 7.6(1.0)A, B | 12.4(1.2)A | 4.7(0.4)A | |
Time | p-value | 0.934 | <0.001 | 0.218 | <0.001 | 0.921 | <0.001 | 0.747 | <0.001 | 0.639 | <0.001 | 0.580 | 0.044 |
10–25 min | 46.7(2.3)A | 13.1(0.6)B | 47.7(1.9)A | 12.9(0.6)B | 5.9(1.2)A | 8.5(0.4)B | 5.9(1.3)A | 9.2(0.5)B | 61.2(1.9)A | 6.8(0.9)B | 12.9(1.0)A | 4.6(0.4)B | |
55–60 min | 46.6(2.4)A | 16.2(0.6)A | 46.6(1.9)A | 15.8(0.6)A | 6.0(1.2)A | 10.4(0.4)A | 5.6(1.3)A | 10.7(0.5)A | 61.9(2.0)A | 9.4(0.9)A | 12.2(1.1)A | 5.2(0.4)A | |
Gender | p-value | 0.933 | 0.007 | 0.493 | 0.438 | 0.327 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.011 | 0.252 | <0.001 | 0.011 | 0.031 |
Female | 46.4(3.2)A | 16.2(0.8)A | 45.9(2.6)A | 14.8(0.8)A | 7.1(1.6)A | 10.8(0.5)A | 10.3(1.6)A | 11.2(0.7)A | 63.7(2.6)A | 11.1(1.2)A | 10.3(1.3)B | 5.6(0.5)A | |
Male | 46.8(3.2)A | 13.1(0.8)B | 48.4(2.6)A | 13.9(0.8)A | 4.9(1.6)A | 8.1(0.5)B | 1.2(1.6)B | 8.7(0.7)B | 59.5(2.6)A | 5.1(1.2)B | 14.8(1.3)A | 4.1(0.5)B | |
Interactions | |||||||||||||
Position x Keyboard | p-value | 0.019 | 0.008 | 0.075 | 0.494 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.016 | 0.054 | <0.001 | 0.383 | 0.184 |
Position x Time | p-value | 0.830 | 0.217 | 0.962 | 0.085 | 0.696 | 0.008 | 0.998 | 0.052 | 0.978 | 0.123 | 0.827 | <0.001 |
Keyboard x Time | p-value | 0.903 | 0.473 | 0.800 | 0.620 | 0.988 | 0.924 | 0.935 | 0.251 | 0.911 | 0.275 | 0.928 | 0.473 |
Gender x Time | p-value | 0.896 | 0.315 | 0.711 | 0.736 | 0.652 | 0.897 | 0.722 | 0.970 | 0.474 | 0.057 | 0.967 | 0.906 |
1 values are in degrees. Repeated measures ANOVA with Participants as a random effect and Position, Keyboard, Time, and Gender as fixed effects.
2 For each main dependent variable, the groupings based on the host hoc analyses are indicated by the superscript and ranked in a descending order such as A > B > C. The same superscript means no significant difference.
3 Negative values represent the wrist deviate toward the radial side.