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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Health Med. 2014 Dec 22;20(8):916–926. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2014.991334

Table 1. Demographic and Baseline Characteristics.

Variable No diabetes Diabetes Statistical test (df), p
N 653 28
Study, n (%) X2(2) = 2.45, .29
Petry et al. (2012) Positive study 104 (15.9) 5 (17.9)
Petry et al. (2012) Negative study 316 (48.4) 17 (60.7)
Petry et al. (2011) Group study 233 (35.7) 6 (21.4)
Treatment group, n (%) X2(1) = .00, .95
  Contingency management 400 (61.3) 17 (60.7)
  Standard care 253 (38.7) 11 (39.3)
Race, n (%) X2(2) = .28, .87
  African American 280 (42.9) 13 (36.4)
  Caucasian 282 (43.2) 12 (42.9)
  Other 91 (13.9) 3 (10.7)
Male gender, n (%) 318 (48.7) 15 (53.6) X2(1) = .26, .61
Age* 36.8 (9.6) 43.8 (11.4) t (679) = -3.70, <.001
Years of education 12.2 (2.1) 11.5 (2.3) t (678) = 1.53, .13
Employment status, n (%) X2(2) = 4.80, .09
  Full Time 255 (39.1) 6 (21.4)
  Part Time 151 (23.1) 6 (21.4)
  Unemployed/other 247 (37.8) 16 (57.1)
Income $9,140 (15,703) $6,714 (12,269) t (676) = .81, .42
Baseline sample positive for alcohol, cocaine, or opiods, n (%) 153 (23.4) 8 (28.6) X2(1) = .39, .53
DSM-IV Cocaine use disorder, n (%) 579 (88.7) 27 (96.4) X2(1) = 1.65, .20
DSM-IV Opioid use disorder, n (%) 235 (36.0) 8 (28.6) X2(1) = .64, .42
DSM-IV Alcohol use disorder, n (%) 432 (66.2) 14 (50.0) X2(1) = 3.10, .08
Addiction Severity Index scores
  Medical* .26 (.36) .42 (.44) t (679) = -2.26, .02
  Employment .73 (.27) .81 (.26) t (679) = -1.51, .13
  Alcohol .22 (.25) .18 (.26) t (679) = .81, .42
  Drug use .16 (.10) .19 (.10) t (678) = -1.33, .19
  Legal .13 (.21) .07 (.18) t (677) = 1.40, .16
  Family/social .17 (.21) .15 (.20) t (676) = .65, .53
  Psychological .29 (.24) .31 (.23) t (675) = -.50, .62

Note. Values represent means and standard deviations unless otherwise indicated; DSM-IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, revision IV;

*

Significant between group difference, p < .05.