T2-weighted (T2w), Gd enhanced T1-weighted (T1w), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, ultra-small superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO) enhanced T1w, and USPIO enhanced T2w maps from a relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patient demonstrate a large inflammatory lesion. The Gd enhancement reflects BBB breakdown, associated with USPIO enhancement (i.e., hyperintensity in T1w, and hypointensity in T2w) reflecting concomitant macrophage invasion. At the same time, increased ADC and T2 suggest co-occurrence of vasogenic edema. Figure modified with permission from Tourdias and Dousset (2013).