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. 2015 Nov 19;2015:687938. doi: 10.1155/2015/687938

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Effects of TUDCA on hepatic autophagic response, ER stress, and insulin signaling in the liver of obese mice. All analyses were performed in mice fed a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks and then injected daily with 500 mg/kg of TUDCA or with vehicle (Veh) for 8 weeks. (a) Protein expression of Atg7, p62, and LC3 in liver. (b) The relative protein quantity of Atg7, p62, and LC3 in liver. (c) Quantification of autophagolysosome-like vacuoles per field in the EM images of liver (magnification 40000x). (d) Quantification of autophagolysosome-like vacuoles per field in the EM images of liver. (e) Phosphorylation of PERK and eIF2α in liver. (f) The relative protein quantity of p-PERK and p-eIF2α in liver. (g) Phosphorylation of IR and Akt in liver. (h) The relative protein quantity of p-IR and p-Akt in liver. The relative quantity of proteins was analyzed using Quantity One software. A representative blot is shown and the data was expressed as mean ± SEM in each bar graph. ∗ P < 0.05 (HFD/TUDCA versus HFD/Veh). # P < 0.05 (HFD/Veh versus ND/Veh).