Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the active and controlled groups
| Variables | Active (n = 60) | Controlled (n = 60) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 42.4 ± 5.8 | 44.1 ± 6.6 |
| Male, n (%) | 33 (55.0) | 35 (58.3) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.6 ± 3.3 | 24.8 ± 3.7 |
| Overweight, n (%) | 10 (16.7) | 12 (20.0) |
| Obese, n (%) | 9 (15.0) | 8 (13.3) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 84.4 ± 7.6 | 82.9 ± 8.3 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 23 (38.3) | 21 (35.0) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 16 (26.7) | 18 (30.0) |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 19 (31.7) | 18 (30.0) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 127.8 ± 16.4 | 125.9 ± 15.7 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.8 ± 10.6 | 78.5 ± 11.7 |
| HR (bpm) | 73.7 ± 10.4 | 76.5 ± 9.9 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 1.9 ± 0.3 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.7 ± 0.6 | 5.8 ± 0.5 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.6 ± 0.3 | 3.7 ± 0.4 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.2 |
| Lp(a) (mg/L) | 132.4 ± 15.6 | 135.7 ± 17.3 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 6.3 ± 0.5 | 6.4 ± 0.4 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 5.6 ± 0.5 |
| Cr (μmol/L) | 98.7 ± 10.6 | 99.2 ± 9.9 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.6 ± 1.3 | 5.9 ± 1.4 |
| Hs-CRP (mg/L) | 5.2 ± 1.1 | 5.6 ± 1.0 |
| ROCK2 activity (mg/mL) | 58.7 ± 6.0 | 60.2 ± 7.3 |
| Fasting C-peptide level (nmol/L) | 0.26 ± 0.05 | 0.28 ± 0.07 |
| Fasting insulin level (pmol/L) | 13.6 ± 2.2 | 14.1 ± 2.8 |
| Daily average exercise time (min) | 5.2 ± 3.8 | 5.9 ± 3.5 |
| Aspirin, n (%) | 28 (46.7) | 26 (43.3) |
| ACEI, n (%) | 9 (15.0) | 7 (11.7) |
| ARB, n (%) | 4 (6.7) | 5 (8.3) |
| CCB, n (%) | 4 (6.7) | 3 (5.0) |
| Statins, n (%) | 14 (23.3) | 13 (21.7) |
BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HR heart rate (beat per minute), TG triglyceride, TC total cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Lp(a) lipoprotein (a), FBG fasting blood glucose, Cr creatinine, BUN blood urea nitrogen, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, CCB calcium channel blocker