Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants by acculturation score
| Characteristic | Acculturation score = 0 N = 188 | Acculturation score = 1 N = 260 | Acculturation score = 2 N = 547 | Acculturation score = 3 N = 169 | Acculturation score = 4 N = 311 | Acculturation score = 5 N = 3192 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 60.7 ± 10.3 | 61.5 ± 10.9 | 62.1 ± 9.7 | 61.0 ± 10.4 | 62.2 ± 10.6 | 62.4 ± 10.0 |
| Females, % | 54.3 | 50.4 | 51.9 | 50.9 | 53.1 | 52.7 |
| Educational level, % | ||||||
| < High school | 37.8 | 35.0 | 48.3 | 27.8 | 16.1 | 6.7 |
| High school or college | 55.9 | 55.0 | 44.4 | 55.0 | 64.6 | 69.9 |
| > College | 6.4 | 10.0 | 7.3 | 17.2 | 19.3 | 23.4 |
| Annual income, % | ||||||
| < $20,000 | 55.3 | 47.3 | 41.9 | 22.8 | 22.7 | 14.3 |
| $20,000–$49,000 | 32.4 | 36.3 | 39.1 | 41.9 | 34.1 | 36.3 |
| > $49,000 | 12.3 | 16.4 | 19.0 | 35.3 | 43.2 | 49.4 |
| Diabetes, % | 12.8 | 12.3 | 16.5 | 11.8 | 10.6 | 10.8 |
| Hypertension, % | 28.7 | 37.3 | 42.8 | 34.9 | 40.8 | 44.5 |
| Smoker, % | ||||||
| Never | 68.6 | 70.4 | 66.9 | 58.6 | 48.2 | 44.8 |
| Former | 22.3 | 20.4 | 24.5 | 26.6 | 39.6 | 41.1 |
| Current | 9.0 | 9.2 | 8.6 | 14.8 | 12.2 | 14.1 |
| Exercise, hrs/week | 16.3 ± 26.1 | 18.3 ± 24.2 | 15.8 ± 21.9 | 26.2 ± 32.6 | 28.1 ± 37.9 | 30.2 ± 44.1 |
| Current alcohol use, % | 58.6 | 64.0 | 61.5 | 67.2 | 75.8 | 70.6 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 124 ± 22 | 124 ± 22 | 127 ± 21 | 124 ± 21 | 125 ± 20 | 126 ± 21 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 71 ± 10 | 72 ± 10 | 72 ± 10 | 71 ± 11 | 71 ± 11 | 72 ± 10 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.3 ± 4.2 | 25.3 ± 4.3 | 27.1 ± 4.5 | 27.9 ± 5.0 | 28.4 ± 4.9 | 28.3 ± 5.0 |
| Mean LVMI, g/m2 | 75.2 ± 14.3 | 75.8 ± 13.9 | 77.4 ± 15.5 | 78.5 ± 21.3 | 80.1 ± 16.7 | 78.2 ± 16.5 |
Data are mean ± SD for continuous variables or percentages for categorical variables
BP indicates blood pressure, LVMI left ventricular mass index