Table 3.
Univariate analysis of prognostic factors for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
| Variable | n | Median survival, months (95% CI) | Survival rate (%) |
Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3-year | 5-year | 10-year | |||||
| Age (years old) | 0.577 | ||||||
| ≤65 | 16 | 91.1 (48.1–ND) | 80 | 60 | 41 | 1.0 (reference) | |
| >65 | 48 | 53.9 (21.9–98.8) | 54 | 45 | 15 | 1.73 (0.74–3.73) | |
| Gender | 0.930 | ||||||
| Male | 33 | 83.7 (29.9–ND) | 68 | 53 | 34 | 1.03 (0.50–2.19) | |
| Female | 31 | 91.1 (38.9–154.4) | 81 | 63 | 33 | 1.0 (reference) | |
| MEN type1 | 0.347 | ||||||
| Present | 11 | 111.1 (21.6–ND) | 80 | 69 | 34 | 0.64 (0.21–1.57) | |
| Absent | 53 | 69.4 (38.9–154.4) | 73 | 53 | 36 | 1.0 (reference) | |
| Ki-67 index (%) | <0.001 | ||||||
| ≤10 | 47 | 111.1 (69.4–ND) | 85 | 68 | 48 | 1.0 (reference) | |
| >10 | 10 | 29.9 (4.6–38.8) | 37 | 0 | 0 | 9.95 (3.01–32.97) | |
| Hormonal production | 0.148 | ||||||
| Yes | 20 | 48.1 (27.6–111.1) | 62 | 34 | 25 | 1.74 (0.81–3.63) | |
| No | 44 | 91.1 (69.4–NA) | 79 | 70 | 36 | 1.0 (reference) | |
| Previous curative resectiona | 0.094 | ||||||
| Yes | 29 | 98.8 (53.9–ND) | 80 | 63 | 47 | 0.53 (0.23–1.11) | |
| No | 35 | 69.4 (29.9–111.1) | 68 | 50 | 23 | 1.0 (reference) | |
| No. of disease sites | 0.073 | ||||||
| 1–2 | 41 | 91.1 (53.9–ND) | 84 | 62 | 38 | 1.0 (reference) | |
| ≥3 | 23 | 41.3 (12.3–154.4) | 56 | 46 | 26 | 1.97 (0.94–4.10) | |
| Diffuse hepatic metastases (≥5 lesions) | 0.935 | ||||||
| Yes | 45 | 91.1 (38.9–154.4) | 75 | 57 | 36 | 0.97 (0.45–2.25) | |
| No | 19 | 83.7 (27.6–ND) | 71 | 57 | 30 | 1.0 (reference) | |
| Lymph nodes metastases | 0.676 | ||||||
| Yes | 35 | 83.7 (38.8–154.4) | 72 | 58 | 32 | 1.17 (0.56–2.57) | |
| No | 29 | 98.8 (38.8–ND) | 76 | 53 | 36 | 1.0 (reference) | |
| Bone metastases | 0.013 | ||||||
| Yes | 8 | 22.7 (8.5–ND) | 19 | 0 | 0 | 4.38 (1.42–11.29) | |
| No | 56 | 91.1 (53.9–154.4) | 80 | 61 | 36 | 1.0 (reference) | |
| Aggressive surgeryb | 0.744 | ||||||
| Yes | 17 | 111.1 (27.6–ND) | 76 | 63 | 35 | 0.87 (0.35–1.93) | |
| No | 47 | 83.7 (45.2–154.4) | 75 | 56 | 34 | 1.0 (reference) | |
| Treatment timing | <0.001 | ||||||
| Before targeted therapies | 12 | 22.2 (8.5–38.8) | 25 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 (reference) | |
| After targeted therapies | 52 | 98.8 (69.4–ND) | 87 | 72 | 43 | 0.07 (0.03–0.19) | |
CI, confidence interval; ND, not detected.
aIncluded curative resection for primary and/or metastatic sites before the diagnosis of unresectable.
bNon-curative resection for primary site and/or metastatic sites after the diagnosis of unresectable.