Table 1.
Typical mechanical properties of tissues and biomaterials
| Tissue/material | Density (g/cm3) | Compressive strength (MPa) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Elastic modules (GPa) | Elongation (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arterial wall | 0.50–1.72 | 0.001 | ||||
| Collagen | 60 | 1.0 | ||||
| Collagen (rat tail tendon) | 3.75–11.5 | |||||
| Cancellous bone | 1.0–1.4 | 1.5–9.3 | 1.5–38 | 0.01–1.57 | ||
| Cortical bone | 1.8–2.0 | 160 Trans. | 35 Trans. | 5–23 | ||
| 240 Long. | 283 Long. | |||||
| Cobalt–chrome alloys | 7.8 | 450–960 | 195–230 | |||
| Stainless steel | 7.9 | 480–620 | 193–200 | |||
| Titanium alloys | 4.4 | 550–985 | 100–125 | |||
| Synthetic hydroxyapatite | 3.05–3.15 | 100–900 | 40–200 | 70–120 | ||
| Alumina ceramics | 3.30–3.99 | 2000–4000 | 260–410 | |||
| (Al2O3 80–90%) | ||||||
| Polymethylmethacrylate | 1.12–1.20 | 45–107 | 38–80 | 1.8–3.3 | ||
| (PMMA) | ||||||
| Polyethylene- | 1.31–1.38 | 65–90 | 42–80 | 2.2–3.5 | ||
| terephthalate (PET) | ||||||
| Pure magnesium | 1.74 | 20–115 | 90–190 | 45 | ||
| AZ31 (Extruded) | 1.78 | 83–97 | 241–260 | 45 | ||
| AZ91D (Die cast) | 1.81 | 160 | 230 | 45 | ||
| Mg–6Zn | 433.7 ± 1.4 | 279.5 ± 2.3 | 169.5 ± 3.6 | 42.3 ± 0.1 | 18.8 ± 0.8 | |
| Mg–1Ca (cast) | 71.38 ± 3.01 | 1.87 ± 0.14 | ||||
| Mg–1Ca (rolled) | 166.7 ± 3.01 | 3 ± 0.78 | ||||
| Mg–1Ca (extruded) | 239.63 ± 7.21 | 10.63 ± 0.64 | ||||
| Mg–0.6Ca | 273.2 ± 6.1 | 114.4 ± 15.1 | 46.5 ± 0.6 | |||
| Mg–1.2Ca | 254.1 ± 7.9 | 96.5 ± 6.6 | 49.6 ± 0.9 | |||
| Mg–1.6Ca | 252.5 ± 3.3 | 93.7 ± 7.8 | 54.7 ± 2.4 | |||
| Mg–2.0Ca | 232.9 ± 3.7 | 73.1 ± 3.4 | 58.8 ± 1.2 | |||
| Mg–2Sr (rolled) | 213.3 ± 17.2 | 147.3 ± 13.1 | 3.15 ± 0.3 | |||
| Mg–6Ag | 244.1 ± 9.2 | 215.9 ± 11.3 | 45 ± 1 | |||
| Mg–0.5Ca–0.5Sr | 274.3 ± 7.2 | |||||
| Mg–1.0Ca–0.5Sr | 274.2 ± 4.0 | |||||
| Mg–0.1Ca–1.0Sr | 214.5 ± 3.5 | |||||
| Mg–1Zn–1Mn (cast) | 174 | 44 | 12 | |||
| Mg–1Zn–1Mn (extruded) | 280 | 246 | 22 |