Table 2. Metabolic characteristics and CVD risk factors in T1DM youth by sugar-sweetened beverage intake groups.
| Sweetened beverage intake in the previous week | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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| None | <1 Glass/day | 1 Glass/day or more | P-value of overall difference between means | |||
|
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| Mean (95%CI) | Mean (95%CI) | Mean (95%CI) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.1 (8.8–9.4) | 9.1 (8.8–9.4) | 9.1 (8.7–9.4) | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.95 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 172 (165–178) | 173 (166–179) | 179 (172–186)b | 0.010 | 0.026 | 0.075 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 101 (95–106) | 102 (97–107) | 106 (100–112)b | 0.022 | 0.033 | 0.18 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl)a | 76 (69–84) | 76 (69–84) | 86 (78–96)b | <0.001 | 0.007 | 0.061 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 53 (51–55) | 53 (51–55) | 52 (50–55) | 0.83 | 0.80 | 0.86 |
| LDL-Rf | 0.27 (0.27–0.28) | 0.27 (0.27–0.28) | 0.27 (0.27–0.28) | 0.62 | 0.60 | 0.91 |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml)a | 16.0 (14.6–17.4) | 15.6 (14.3–17.1) | 15.4 (14.0–16.9) | 0.39 | 0.34 | 0.49 |
| Leptin (ng/ml)a | 4.7 (3.9–5.7) | 4.6 (3.8–5.6) | 4.6 (3.7–5.7) | 0.90 | 0.32 | 0.37 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 107 (105–109) | 107 (105–108) | 105 (103–108) | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.34 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 68 (66–69) | 68 (66–70) | 67 (65–69) | 0.87 | 0.70 | 0.58 |
Means and confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, parental education, diabetes duration, skipping insulin, time watching TV, involvement in team sports, and total energy intake
Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, parental education, diabetes duration, skipping insulin, time watching TV, involvement in team sports, and total energy intake
Model 2 Model 1 + adjusted for BMI-z-score
Model 3 Model 1 + adjusted for saturated fat intake, total fiber intake, and BMI-z-score
a
Back-transformed from log-values to original units
b
Differed significantly (P < 0.05) from no-beverage level