Table 4.
Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | |
---|---|---|---|
VERY BAD | |||
Country (Denmark) | |||
Austria | 0.590*** | 0.591*** | 0.583*** |
Germany | 0.437*** | 0.458*** | 0.440*** |
Sweden | 0.378*** | 0.379*** | 0.373*** |
Netherlands | 0.877 | 0.943 | 0.969 |
Spain | 0.974 | 0.762** | 0.710*** |
Italy | 1.603* | 1.367 | 1.411 |
France | 0.829** | 0.749*** | 0.735*** |
Greece | 1.379*** | 1.099 | 1.059 |
Switzerland | 1.437*** | 1.391*** | 1.423*** |
Belgium | 1.222** | 1.090 | 1.103 |
Age | 1.031*** | 1.031*** | 1.031*** |
Education | 1.045** | 1.032* | 1.043** |
Female | 2.123*** | 1.933*** | 1.870*** |
Marital Status (Married/Partnership) | |||
Divorced/Separated/Never married | 0.983 | 1.003 | 1.022 |
Widowed | 1.079 | 1.061 | 1.057 |
ln(Income) | 1.072*** | 1.059*** | 1.063*** |
ln(Worth) | 1.142 | 1.094 | 1.093 |
Employed | 3.226*** | 2.901** | 2.761** |
ln(Verbal fluency) | 1.712*** | 1.698*** | 1.639*** |
Memory | 1.026* | 1.026* | 1.027* |
Numeracy (Null) | |||
Low | 1.273** | 1.284** | 1.308** |
Medium-High | 1.353*** | 1.370*** | 1.397*** |
Self-reported reading skills | 1.220*** | 1.223*** | 1.207*** |
Self-reported writing skills | 1.108** | 1.108** | 1.108** |
ln(Symptoms) | 0.453*** | 0.536*** | 0.529*** |
Chronic conditions | 0.884** | 0.914* | 0.874** |
Ever depressed (yes/no) | 0.809*** | 0.841*** | 0.845*** |
ADL limitations (yes/no) | 0.697*** | 0.818* | 0.801* |
IADL limitations (yes/no) | 0.599*** | 0.735** | 0.714** |
Functional limitations | 0.734*** | 0.797*** | 0.790*** |
CSP | 0.432*** | 0.360*** | |
PSD | 0.248*** | ||
Constant | 46.190*** | 70.039*** | 143.808*** |
BAD | |||
Sweden | 0.458*** | 0.455*** | 0.459*** |
Italy | 1.061 | 0.883 | 0.850 |
Age | 1.023*** | 1.024*** | 1.023*** |
Employed | 2.165*** | 1.933*** | 1.847*** |
Female | 1.815*** | 1.672*** | 1.642*** |
Chronic conditions | 0.804*** | 0.853*** | 0.815*** |
PSD | 0.243*** | ||
Constant | 6.855*** | 9.745*** | 17.655*** |
FAIR | |||
Sweden | 0.565*** | 0.558*** | 0.575*** |
Italy | 0.625*** | 0.529*** | 0.477*** |
Age | 1.012*** | 1.013*** | 1.013*** |
Employed | 1.808*** | 1.643*** | 1.688*** |
Female | 1.357*** | 1.280*** | 1.304*** |
Chronic conditions | 0.625*** | 0.668*** | 0.666*** |
PSD | 0.316*** | ||
Constant | 1.042 | 1.405* | 1.650** |
GOOD | |||
Sweden | 1.627*** | 1.592*** | 1.642*** |
Italy | 0.558*** | 0.493*** | 0.475*** |
Age | 0.991* | 0.991 | 0.991 |
Employed | 1.164* | 1.082 | 1.105 |
Female | 1.058 | 1.011 | 1.028 |
Chronic conditions | 0.526*** | 0.555*** | 0.565*** |
PSD | 0.418*** | ||
Constant | 0.087*** | 0.117*** | 0.115*** |
R^2 | 0.2550 | 0.2556 | 0.2928 |
Log pseudolikelihood | −24803 | −24783 | −23544 |
BIC | 50156 | 50124 | 47688 |
N | 25736 | 25736 | 25736 |
p<0.05
p<0.01
p<0.001
All models include control variables for survey design effects and calibrated individual weights.
We report robust standard errors that correct for both heteroskedasiticy and clustering (Froot, 1989; Rogers, 1993).
Bold-italics type indicates whether a specific coefficient is significantly different from the comparable shaded coefficient reported in the top panel.
The coefficients of variables that do not meet the proportionality assumption are shaded gray