(A) Schematic showing general procedure for fibroblast and epithelial cell isolation and purification from VF mucosa. (B) Morphology of primary VFF and VFE in monolayer culture prior to first passage (10 or 21 d post-seeding) and at passage 3 (P3, H&E staining). Scale bars, 30 μm. (C) Expression of P4HB, CD90, pan-KRT, KRT14, KRT19, and CD227 in VFF and VFE at P3. Positive/negative gates (versus FMO control) are shown in gray; low/high gates are shown in black. Data are means ± SEM (n = 4–12). P values were calculated using a Student’s t test; n.s., not significant. (D) Representative CD90/CD227 double staining. (E). VFF and VFE population doubling times from P1 to P6. Data are means ± SEM (n = 4). The P value was calculated using ANOVA.