Fig 2. Simplified schematic overview of the function of the major organs involved in lipid homeostasis.

The liver has a central role in the synthesis, metabolism and distribution of glucose and fatty acids. The adipose tissue is the principal site of excess energy storage in the form of fat (triglycerides) and liberates fatty acids upon demand. The muscle is the major site of lipid oxidation and energy expenditure. The brain acts as a lipid sensor; it receives signals from the other organs to adjust energy homeostasis by changing behaviour (e.g. food intake and expenditure). When energy consumption exceeds expenditure excess triglycerides are stored not only in adipose tissue but in muscle and liver as well, leading to metabolic disorders [48, 49].