Table 7. Univariable and Multivariable-Adjusted Regression Analyses for Normalized GMV.
Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESA, erythropoiesis-stimulating agent; GMV, gray matter volume; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; PTH, parathyroid hormone; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; UPCR, urinary protein to creatinine ratio.
| Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis * | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standardized β | P | Standardized β | P | |
| Age | - 0.530 | <0.001 | - 0.346 | <0.001 |
| Male gender | - 0.384 | <0.001 | - 0.306 | 0.003 |
| Diabetes mellitus | - 0.394 | <0.001 | - 0.248 | 0.004 |
| Smoking habits | - 0.276 | 0.007 | 0.026 | 0.790 |
| Daily alcohol consumption | 0.063 | 0.547 | ||
| Previous history of CVD | - 0.293 | 0.004 | - 0.118 | 0.141 |
| Education of more than 12 years | 0.145 | 0.162 | ||
| Body mass index | - 0.068 | 0.514 | ||
| Systolic blood pressure | - 0.145 | 0.160 | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure | 0.165 | 0.110 | ||
| Use of RAAS inhibitors | - 0.194 | 0.060 | 0.169 | 0.068 |
| Use of calcium antagonists | 0.209 | 0.042 | - 0.020 | 0.817 |
| Use of statins | 0.100 | 0.335 | ||
| Use of ESAs | 0.081 | 0.437 | ||
| Total protein | 0.061 | 0.559 | ||
| Albumin | 0.177 | 0.086 | 0.027 | 0.736 |
| Serum urea nitrogen | - 0.269 | 0.008 | ||
| Creatinine | - 0.253 | 0.013 | ||
| Uric acid | 0.088 | 0.398 | ||
| Log-transformed CRP | - 0.114 | 0.271 | ||
| Total cholesterol | 0.120 | 0.247 | ||
| Log-transformed triglycerides | 0.056 | 0.452 | ||
| HDL cholesterol | 0.036 | 0.732 | ||
| LDL cholesterol | 0.167 | 0.105 | ||
| Calcium | 0.111 | 0.284 | ||
| Phosphate | - 0.038 | 0.716 | ||
| Log-transformed ferritin | - 0.165 | 0.110 | ||
| Log-transformed β 2 -microglobulin | - 0.262 | 0.010 | ||
| Hemoglobin A1c | - 0.081 | 0.437 | ||
| Log-transformed whole PTH | - 0.304 | 0.003 | - 0.064 | 0.607 |
| Log-transformed NT-proBNP | - 0.406 | <0.001 | - 0.142 | 0.192 |
| eGFR | 0.206 | 0.045 | - 0.133 | 0.297 |
| Log-transformed UPCR | - 0.039 | 0.709 | ||
| Hemoglobin | 0.232 | 0.023 | 0.181 | 0.049 |
* Covariates of P <0.1 in the univariable analysis were included in the multivariable analysis, whereas serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, and log-transformed β 2-microglobulin were not included because of multi-collinearity with estimated glomerular filtration rate.