Table 1. Demographic characteristics of participants and their children.

Variables (range and/or unit)	Mean (SD)/percentage
Age (28–54 years old)	41.58 (5.40) a
College graduation (%)	18.73 a
Full or part time employment (%)	57.85 a
Number of children (1–4)	2.02 (0.78) a
Birth order (1–4)	1.44 (0.67) a
Child's age (3–18 years old)	10.18 (3.50) a
Age of child’s diagnosis (1–16 years old)	6.61 (3.17) a
Medicated children (%)	55.92 a
Child’s Fatherless family structure (%)	16.25 a
Clinical range of CES-D (%)	32.69 b
High score of PS (%)	22.36 b

^a N = 363,

^b N = 313

CES-D: center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (cutoff score = 16)

PS: Parenting Scale (we defined the high score as +1SD above from the non-clinical sample [22]).