Table 4. Summary of previous studies on the incidence of CTEPH after acute PE.
| First author, year | Population | Patients (n) | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria | Screening patients for CTEPH by TTE | Diagnostic method for CTEPH | Median follow-up (months) | Incidence of CTEPH (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pengo, 2004 (5) | Italy | 223 | First episode of PE | Other diseases that could cause PH, pre-existing exertional dyspnea | Patients with dyspnea | RHC, PA | 94.3 | 3.8 |
| Becattini, 2006 (6) | Italy | 259 | First episode of PE | Persistent risk factors for VTE |
Patients with dyspnea (n=37) | RHC, PA | 46 | 0.8 |
| Miniati, 2006 (7) | Italy | 320 | PE | – | Persistence of large bilateral perfusion defects in V/Q scan | RHC, PA | 25.2 | 1.3 |
| Klok, 2010 (9) | Netherlands | 866 | PE | – | n=402 | RHC, V/Q scan | 36 | 0.57 |
| Poli, 2010 (11) | Italy | 239 | First episode of PE | Active cancer; diseases that could cause PH | n=223 | RHC, V/Q scan | 36 | 0.4 |
| Guérin, 2014 (13) | France | 146 | PE | Previously known CTEPH or PH, diseases that could have caused non-thromboembolic PH | n=146 | RHC, V/Q scan | 26 | 4.8 |
| Otero, 2011 (10) | Spain | 744 | PE | Age <18 years | Patients with dyspnea (n=121) | SPAP >50 mmHg | 14 | 1.3 |
| Dentali, 2009 (8) | Italy | 91 | First episode of PE | Other diseases that could cause PH; age <18 years | n=91 | SPAP ≥40 mmHg, V/Q scan | 6-12 | 8.8 |
| Korkmaz, 2012 (12) | Turkey | 259 | First episode of PE | Diseases that could cause PH |
Patients with dyspnea (n=102) | SPAP >35 mmHg, V/Q scan | 16.3 | 4.6 |
Abbreviations: CTEPH, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; PA, pulmonary angiography; PE, pulmonary embolism; PH, pulmonary hypertension; RHC, right heart catheterization; SPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography; V/Q, ventilation/perfusion; VTE, venous thromboembolism.