Table 1.
Patient characteristics, clinical diagnosis and outcome of SpyGlass and pCLE. (a) investigations in the biliary tract and (b) investigations in the pancreatic duct
| Case # | Sex | Age | Clincal diagnosis (imaging) | Paris | Miami | pCLE Dx | Histology/final diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | F | 78 | gallbladder cancer or cholangiocarcinoma | papillary | pos | adenom | inoperable |
| abnormal | pos | IPMN | IPMN (papillary, MUC5A/6/1+) | ||||
| 2 | F | 74 | gallbladder cancer or cholangicarcinoma | normal | indetermined | benign | bile duct cancer |
| 6 | F | 73 | retroperitoneal fibrosis | normal | pos | benign | endoscopically benign stenosis of the duodenum |
| 17 | F | 59 | inflammation | normal | neg | benign | na |
| 19 | M | 59 | dilation of intrahepatic bile duct | normal | indetermined | benign | na |
| 20 | F | 61 | distal cholangiocarcinoma | abnormal | pos | indetermined | chronic pancreatitis |
| 21 | F | 61 | strictures in bile duct | abnormal | pos | IPMN? | cholangiocarcinoma |
| 22 | F | 59 | normal | neg | benign | PSC | |
| 23 | F | 54 | diffuse attenuated changes in intrahepatic bile ducts | normal | neg | benign | F/U normal |
| 25 | M | 60 | suspected cholangiocarcinoma | abnormal | pos | indetermined | na |
| 26 | M | 60 | inflammatory strictures in intrahepatic duct | abnormal | pos | indetermined | na |
| 27 | F | 57 | biliary tree tumor | pit-pattern | pos | malignt | cholangiocarcinoma |
| 28 | M | 55 | suspicious distal bile duct strictures | abnormal | pos | indetermined | na |
| 32 | M | 52 | cystic structures; fatty liver | abnormal | pos | IPMN | mixed IPMN |
| 33 | M | 47 | choledocus stones and strictures | normal | indetermined | benign | secondary sclerosing cholangitis |
| 34 | M | 42 | PSC or cholangiocarcinoma | abnormal | pos | tumor | cholangiocarcinoma Bismuth 4 not resectable |
| 35 | F | 43 | liver atrophy | abnormal | pos | indetermined | follow up; clearly Miami+, single pathological vessels |
| 36 | M | 41 | PSC | borderline | pos | indetermined | PSC |
| 38 | M | 32 | multiple stenosis in intrahepatic bile ducts | abnormal | indetermined | benign | PSC |
| 39 | F | 26 | strictures in the hilus | abnormal | pos | indetermined | PSC |
| 40 | F | 23 | stenosis in extrahepatic bile ducts | abnormal | pos | indetermined | metastatic disease |
| abnormal | pos | indetermined | na | ||||
| 42 | M | 33 | intrahepatic strictures (PSC) | normal | neg | benign | na |
| 43 | M | 68 | uniform thickness of swollen pancreas, with caliber changes | normal | neg | benign | inflammation; autoimmune cholangitis |
| 44 | M | 65 | changes in choledocus; suspected cancer | borderline | indetermined | benign | inflammation caused by stone |
| 45 | M | 69 | intrahepatic bile duct dilation; pancreatic head lesion | normal | neg | benign | inflammation |
| (b) | |||||||
| Case # | Sex | Age | Clinical diagnosis (imaging) | Paris | Miami | pCLE Dx | Histology/final diagnosis |
| 3 | M | 75 | IPMN | abnormal | pos | tumor | PanIN1-2, chron. pancreatitis |
| 4 | M | 72 | IPMN | normal | indetermined | benign | branch duct IPMN |
| 5 | M | 70 | mixed type IPMN | abnormal | pos | IPMN? | IPMC = IPMN w/ high grade dysplasia = IPMN-carcinoma |
| 7 | M | 72 | mixed IPMN or microcystic adenoma | abnormal | pos | tumor | IPMN, MUC2/5 A/6 positive |
| 8 | F | 70 | normal | normal | n/a | benign | typical papillary adenoma |
| 9 | F | 70 | IPMN branch duct | borderline | pos | indetermined | locally circumscript, definitively Miami + |
| 10 | M | 74 | side asset IPMN or microcystic adenoma | normal | neg | benign | follow up |
| 11 | M | 70 | branch type IPMN | abnormal | pos | indetermined | follow up; definitively Miami+, single pathological vessels |
| 12 | M | 68 | IPMN | abnormal | pos | indetermined | mixed IPMN (papillary) |
| 13 | MPD stenosis | abnormal | pos | indetermined | IPMNC, PanIN 1+2B | ||
| 14 | F | 66 | normal | papillary | n/a | adenom | tubulovillous adenoma |
| 15 | F | 66 | chronic pancreatitis, and dilation and strictures of MPD | borderline | indetermined | benign | chronic pancreatitis |
| 16 | F | 64 | papillary adenoma | abnormal | n/a | adenom | tubulovillous adenoma with high-grade dysplasia |
| 18 | F | 62 | branch-type IPMN | abnormal | pos | papillary | invasive PDAC with PanIN III |
| abnormal | pos | indetermined | follow up | ||||
| abnormal | pos | papillary | IPMN | ||||
| 24 | M | 61 | mix type IPMN | abnormal | pos | indetermined | IPMNC |
| 29 | F | 57 | multicystic aspect with calcification (IPMN) | abnormal | pos | IPMN | IPMN, PanIN 1B, PDAC |
| 30 | M | 55 | chronic pancreatitis and confluent cysts | abnormal | indetermined | IPMN | mixed IPMN moderate dysplasia |
| 31 | F | 56 | dilated pancreatic duct; suspected IPMN | normal | pos | benign | na |
| 37 | M | 31 | duodenal adenoma and lesion in the pancreatic head | abnormal | indetermined | adenom | FAP with adenom in the pancreatic duct |
| 41 | M | 12 | suspected wall, duct changes | abnormal | pos | IPMN | na |
Adenom: adenoma; Dx: diagnosis; F: female gender; FAP: familiar adenoma polyposis; F/U: follow up; IPMN: intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia; M: male gender; MPD: main pancreatic duct; MUC: mucin; na: not applicable; neg: negative; PanIN: pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasia; pCLE: probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy; pos: positive; PSC: primary sclerosing cholangitis