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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Mech Phys Solids. 2016 Feb 1;87:38–50. doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2015.11.001

Fig. 8 — Schematic of a structural element in its local coordinates at different states of loading. l₀ is the original length of the specified element. (a) The element before the structure is loaded. The element when the structure is loaded by (b) prescribing d₀ (state 0) (c) prescribing d₀ and two point forces of magnitudes $f_{1}^{‖}$ (state 1) and (d) prescribing d₀ and two point forces of magnitudes $f_{2}^{‖}$ (state 2).

Fig. 8 — Schematic of a structural element in its local coordinates at different states of loading. l₀ is the original length of the specified element. (a) The element before the structure is loaded. The element when the structure is loaded by (b) prescribing d₀ (state 0) (c) prescribing d₀ and two point forces of magnitudes $f_{1}^{‖}$ (state 1) and (d) prescribing d₀ and two point forces of magnitudes $f_{2}^{‖}$ (state 2).