Fig. 1.

Enhanced freeze–thaw stress survival induced by IGF-1 receptor/daf-2 reduction-of-function. a daf-2(e1370rf), IGF-1 receptor inhibitor (BMS-754807) treatment, and daf-2 RNAi increased freeze–thaw stress survival compared with corresponding wild-type control animals. Every assay was repeated five times (n > 170–203) in the same condition. Statistical significance was assessed by the Mann–Whitney test. **p < 0.01. b daf-2(e1370) enhanced freeze–thaw stress survival at different growth stages, from L1 to adult stages. Survival rates were assayed 6 h after recovering from freeze–thaw stress (L1/L2- and L3/L4-stage animals were exposed to freezing for 16 min, and young adult/adult animals were exposed to freezing for 8 min at −80 °C). Every assay was repeated five times (n > 180–286). Statistical significance was assessed by the Mann–Whitney test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01