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. 2015 May 7;6(5):e1751. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2015.120

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Copyright © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited

Cell Death and Disease is an open-access journal published by Nature Publishing Group. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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JNK or Rac1 inhibitor improved gankyrin-mediated liver fibrosis and prevented gankyrin-induced carcinogenesis after CCl₄ management. (a)Gankyrin^hep and littermate mice were injected with CCl₄, CCl₄+SP600125 or CCl₄+NSC23766 for 4 weeks (n=6). Liver samples were collected for immunoblot for PARP and cleaved caspase-3. (b) Liver sections in a were subjected to Sirius red staining. (c) Serum from a was analyzed by ELISA for TNF-α or IL-6. (d) Representative images of liver sections, H&E and Sirius red staining of 16-week CCl₄ or CCl₄+SP600125-treated mice. Tumor incidence and Sirius red-positive staining were quantified. Data are represented as mean±S.D. *P<0.05. Scale bar, 100 μm. (e) Schematic representation of the potential mechanism of gankyrin in liver malignant transformation