Table 1. Comparison of filaggrin-2 and filaggrin knockdown in reconstructed human epidermis with AD skin.

Filaggrin-2 knockdown	Filaggrin knockdowna	ADb
Normal stratum granulosum	Hypogranulosis	Hypogranulosis
Parakeratosis and a compact stratum corneum	Thin stratum corneum	Some parakeratosis
Vesicles in corneocytes	No vesicle in corneocytes	Vesicles in corneocytes
Normal corneocyte matrix	Disturbed corneocyte matrix	Disturbed corneocyte matrix
Normal outside-in SC permeability	Increased outside-in SC permeability	Increased outside-in SC permeability
Reduced NMF level	Reduced NMF level	Reduced NMF level
Increased pH	Unaffected pH	Increased pH
Decreased amounts of bleomycin hydrolase	Decreased amounts of bleomycin hydrolase	Decreased amounts of bleomycin hydrolase
Reduced proteolysis of filaggrin and hornerin precursors	Reduced expression of filaggrin-2 and hornerin	Reduced expression of filaggrin and hornerin abnormal (pro)filaggrin proteolysis
Reduced degradation of corneodesmosin	Increased expression of corneodesmosin	Persistence of corneodesmosomes
Reduced expression of loricrin	Reduced expression of loricrin	Reduced expression of loricrin
Abnormal expression of tight junction proteins	Abnormal expression of tight junction proteins	Abnormal expression of tight junction proteins

Abbreviation: NMF, natural moisturizing factor

See ^aPendaries et al ⁶ and ^bOyoshi et al²and Guttman-Yassky et al⁴⁰ and references in the text