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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2015 Oct 1;11:31–38. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.08.003

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Insect nutritional checkpoints. The serine/threonine kinase TOR pathway represents primary nutritional checkpoint via sensing amino acids (AAs). In Drosophila, AA/TOR regulates synthesis and secretion of Insulin-like Peptides (ILPs) and together with ILPs participates on biosynthesis of lipophilic hormones Juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysone. AA/TOR, ILPs, JH and ecdysone regulate production of yolk proteins and their uptake into the oocytes, marked here as Vitellogenesis. Contributions of particular players differ substantially among insect orders. Vitellogenesis is controlled mainly by JH in Hemimetabola and Coleoptera and by ecdysone (20-Hydroxyecdysone) in Diptera and Lepidoptera orders.