Quantitative analysis of cell morphology on different substrates, including the flat substrate and micropillar substrates with different diameters (15, 18, and 21 μm) and spacing (15, 18, and 21 μm). (a) Spreading area and (a') circularity of HaCaT cells on different substrates. (b) Spreading area and (b') aspect ratio of ESF-1 cells on different substrates. (c) Spreading area and (c') circularity of HUVEC cells on different substrates. Orange bars within box plots indicate the mean values.