Table 9.
Molecular subtypes of glioblastoma and their definitions as described by Verhaak et al.14
| Subtypes | High expression | Gene loss |
|---|---|---|
| Classical | EGFR | CDKN2A, PTEN, TP53 |
| Mesenchymal | CD44, CHI3L1/YKL40, MERTK, MET, NFκB pathway, TNF family | NF1, PTEN |
| Proneural | ASCL1, DCX, DLL3, IDH1R132H, NKX2-2,OLIG2, PDGFRA, SOX, TCF3, TCF4, TP53 mutation | |
| Neural | GABRA1, NEFL, SLC12A5, SYT1 | |
ASCL1, Achaete-scute homolog 1; CHI3L1/YKL40, chitinase 3-like protein 1; DCX, doublecortin; DLL3, delta-like 3; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; GABRA1, gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1; IDH1R132H, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation R132H; MET, c-Met proto-oncogene; MERTK, proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase MER; NEFL, neurofilament light polypeptide; NFκB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; NKX2-2, homeobox protein Nkx-2.2; OLIG2, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2; PDGFRα, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha; SLC12A5, potassium-chlorid transporter member 5; SYT1, synaptotagmin 1; TCF, transcription factor; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; TP53, tumour protein 53.