Table 3.

Association between breastfeeding and bone mineral density

First author name (year)	Mean ± SD: BMD highest BF group (g/cm2)	Mean ± SD: BMD lowest BF group (g/cm2)	Pooled SMD (95% CI) of BMD
Distal Radius
Chowdhury (2002) (174)	0.49 ± 0.11	0.61 ± 0.08	Fixed effect −0.132 (−0.26 to −0.003)
Hawker (2002) (176)	0.477 ± 0.05	0.474 ± 0.03
Henderson (2000) (177)	0.564 ± 0.06	0.601 ± 0.05	Random effect −0.490 (−1.357 to 0.376)
Drinkwater (1991) (175)	0.541 ± 0.07	0.545 ± 0.05
Femoral Neck
Henderson (2000) (177)	0.835 ± 0.11	0.847 ± 0.12	Fixed effect −0.142 (−0.426 to 0.142)
Lenora (2009) (178)	0.603 ± 0.13	0.613 ± 0.12
Wiklund (2012) (179)	0.96 ± 0.11	0.97 ± 0.11
Drinkwater (1991) (175)	0.95 ± 0.05	1.01 ± 0.10

BMD, bone mineral density; SD, standard deviation; SMD, standardised mean difference.