Table A3.
Estimates | Studies | Ref. No. | Design | Country | Quality | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ever vs. Never | ||||||||
41 | 40 | (65,69,136–173) | Cohort | 5 | HIC | 35 | AQ | 25 |
Case–control | 35 | LMIC | 5 | IQ | 15 | |||
<6 months vs. Never | ||||||||
20 | 19 | (137,138,142,144,147–150,153,155,158,161,163,165–168,170,173) | Cohort | 3 | HIC | 18 | AQ | 16 |
Case–control | 16 | LMIC | 1 | IQ | 3 | |||
6–12 months vs. Never | ||||||||
19 | 18 | (137,138,142,144,147,148,150,153,155,158,161,163,165–168,170,173) | Cohort | 2 | HIC | 17 | AQ | 15 |
Case–control | 16 | LMIC | 1 | IQ | 3 | |||
>12 months vs. Never | ||||||||
29 | 28 | (65,69,137–140,142–144,146–148,150,152,153,155,158,161,163–168,170–173) | Cohort | 3 | HIC | 24 | AQ | 23 |
Case–control | 25 | LMIC | 4 | IQ | 5 |
LIC, low-income country; AQ, adequate quality; IQ, inadequate quality.