Fig. 8.

PARP-1 is not required for NF-κB nuclear translocation. The subcellular localization of the NF-κB p65 subunit (green) was visualized by immunostaining in wt and PARP-1^−/− astrocyte cultures after TNFα exposure. Nuclei were stained with propidium iodide (red). Cells fixed after 30 min of TNFα (15 ng/ml) exposure show overlap of these signals (yellow), indicative of p65 movement into the nucleus. This movement was not blocked by the PARP inhibitor DPQ (25 μM) or in PARP-1^−/− cells. Representative of n = 3. Scale bar, 50 μm