Table 3.
Crude and adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) estimates for hypertension
| Variable | - n - | # Hypertensive (%) | Crude PR [95 % CI] | Adjusted PRb [95 % CI] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population group: | |||||
| Rural residents | 165 | 21 (12.7 %) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Peri-urban residents | 298 | 70 (23.5 %) | 1.85 [1.18–2.90] | 2.28 [1.38–3.76] | |
| School teachers, Tanzania | 168 | 72 (42.9 %) | 3.39 [2.19–5.24] | 3.96 [2.22–7.06] | |
| Nurses, Nigeria | 163 | 77 (47.2 %) | 3.71 [2.41–5.71] | 6.49 [2.26–18.7] | |
| School teachers, South Africa | 478 | 229 (47.9 %) | 3.76 [2.49–5.66] | 2.91 [1.56–5.45] | |
| Sex: | |||||
| Males | 451 | 146 (32.4 %) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Females | 821 | 323 (39.3 %) | 1.21 [1.04–1.43] | 0.94 [0.76–1.17] | |
| Age (years): | |||||
| 18–29 | 215 | 40 (18.6 %) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| 30–39 | 294 | 80 (27.2 %) | 1.53 [1.10–2.13] | 1.00 [0.65–1.53] | |
| 40–49 | 385 | 147 (38.2 %) | 2.11 [1.56–2.85] | 1.28 [0.84–1.95] | |
| ≥50 | 319 | 186 (58.3 %) | 3.22 [2.41–4.30] | 2.20 [1.49–3.25] | |
| Level of education | |||||
| None | 49 | 15 (30.6 %) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Primary not completed | 143 | 28 (19.6 %) | 0.64 [0.38–1.10] | 0.81 [0.46–1.43] | |
| Primary completed | 87 | 21 (24.1 %) | 0.79 [0.45–1.38] | 0.62 [0.33–1.17] | |
| Secondary school | 406 | 137 (33.7 %) | 1.10 [0.71–1.72] | 0.54 [0.31–0.93] | |
| University or higher | 516 | 229 (44.4 %) | 1.46 [0.93–2.21] | 0.56 [0.30–1.05] | |
| Family history of hypertension: | |||||
| No | 871 | 290 (33.3 %) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 401 | 179 (44.6 %) | 1.3 [1.15–1.54] | 1.21 [0.96–1.52] | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2): | |||||
| <25.0 | 409 | 83 (20.3 %) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 367 | 131 (35.7 %) | 1.78 [1.40–2.25] | 1.61 [1.18–2.20] | |
| ≥30.0 | 407 | 210 (51.6 %) | 2.59 [2.09–3.21] | 2.11 [1.56–2.84] | |
| FPGc/DMd category: | |||||
| <6.1 | 603 | 168 (27.9 %) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| 6.1–6.9 | 103 | 28 (27.2 %) | 0.92 [0.66–1.27] | 0.91 [0.64–1.30] | |
| ≥7.0, or on DMd Rx | 135 | 80 (59.3 %) | 1.94 [1.62–2.31] | 1.38 [1.10–1.71] | |
| Met WHOe physical activity recommednations? | |||||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||
| Yes | 0.60 [0.48–0.75] | 2.48 [0.34–18.0] | |||
| Tobacco used: | |||||
| Never | 845 | 274 (32.4 %) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Stopped | 104 | 42 (40.4 %) | 1.25 [0.97–1.60] | 0.98 [0.73–1.31] | |
| Filtered | 98 | 45 (45.9 %) | 1.42 [1.12–1.79] | 1.21 [0.91–1.60] | |
| Unfiltered | 23 | 8 (34.8) | 1.07 [0.61–1.89] | 1.74 [1.04–2.91] | |
bAdjusted for Population group, Age, Level of education, BMI, FPG and Tobacco use
c FPG Fasting Plasma Glucose (mmol/L)
d DM Diabetes Mellitus
e WHO World Health Organization