Table 8.
Scores on quality of life (EQ-5D), well-being (WHO-5), diabetes-related distress (PAID-5), and self-care behavior (SDSCA).
| EQ-5D, WHO-5, PAID-5, and SDSCA n (%)/mean ± SD/median (25–75 quartiles) |
Nonusers (n = 361) | Missing | Users (n = 272) |
Missing | Univariate p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EQ-5D index-score | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 72 (19.9) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 36 (13.2) | 0.028 |
| EQ-VAS | 74.7 ± 17.4 80.0 (60.0–90.0) |
74 (20.5) | 78.4 ± 14.9 80.0 (71.0–90.0) |
40 (14.7) | 0.014 |
| WHO-5 index-score | 70.4 ± 17.9 76.0 (60.0–80.0) |
76 (21.1) | 72.7 ± 14.2 76.0 (68.0–80.0) |
38 (14.0) | 0.096 |
| WHO-5 score indicates suboptimal well-being, screening depression advised | 36 (12.6) | 76 (21.1) | 17 (7.3) | 38 (14.0) | 0.018 |
| WHO-5 answers advise screening depression | 43 (15.5) | 76 (21.1) | 17 (7.3) | 38 (14.0) | 0.004 |
| PAID-5 total score | 2.8 ± 3.1 2.0 (0.0–4.5) |
76 (21.1) | 2.0 ± 2.5 1.0 (0.0–3.0) |
38 (14.0) | 0.005 |
| PAID-5 score indicates distress | 15 (5.3) | 76 (21.1) | 6 (2.6) | 38 (14.0) | 0.058 |
| SDSCA | |||||
| General diet in number of days | 5.4 ± 1.8 6.0 (5.0–7.0) |
76 (21.1) | 5.6 ± 1.8 6.0 (5.0–7.0) |
37 (13.6) | 0.269 |
| Specific diet in number of days | 5.6 ± 1.1 5.7 (4.7–6.3) |
73 (20.2) | 5.7 ± 1.0 6.0 (5.3–6.7) |
34 (12.5) | 0.056 |
| Exercise in number of days | 4.0 ± 2.0 4.0 (2.5–5.5) |
72 (19.9) | 4.0 ± 1.8 4.0 (2.5–5.5) |
34 (12.5) | 0.919 |
| Blood-glucose in number of days | 2.1 ± 2.2 1.0 (0.0–4.0) |
74 (20.5) | 2.0 ± 2.2 1.0 (0.5–3.5) |
34 (12.5) | 0.675 |
| Foot-care in number of days | 1.9 ± 2.0 1.5 (0.0–3.5) |
72 (19.9) | 1.9 ± 2.0 1.0 (0.0–3.5) |
34 (12.5) | 0.695 |
| Medication in number of days | 6.7 ± 1.0 7.0 (7.0–7.0) |
73 (20.2) | 6.9 ± 0.5 7.0 (7.0–7.0) |
34 (12.5) | 0.013 |
| Smoking | 54 (25.1) | 146 (40.4) | 38 (22.8) | 105 (38.6) | 0.418 |