Table 1.

Emerging candidates for biomarkers for cachexia and sarcopenia

Emerging biomarkers for cachexia and sarcopenia
Creatinine66
Neoepitope67
MMP-generated degradation fragment of collagen 6 (C6M)68
Type VI collagen N-terminal globular domain epitope (IC6)68
N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (P3NP)69
C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF)69
Methyl-d3-Methylhistidine (D-3MH)70
Growth differentiating factor-15 (GDF-15)71
Follistatin (FST)72
Irisin72
Ghrelin73
Leptin73
β-Dystroglycan74
Dystrophin74
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5a (TRACP5a)75–78

MMP, matrix metalloproteinase.