Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants
| Characteristics (n=3666) | Value |
|---|---|
| Age (yr), mean (SD) | 65.0 (6.7) |
| Women, n (%) | 2139 (58.3) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 26.6 (3.6) |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 246.9 (46.1) |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 52.5 (14.5) |
| Alcohol intake (g/d), median (interquartile range) | 4.8 (0.33–16.6) |
| Smoking, n (%) | |
| Current | 755 (20.6) |
| Former | 1649 (45.0) |
| Systolic BP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 137.3 (19.9) |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 75.4 (10.9) |
| Pulse rate (beats per minute), mean (SD) | 72.2 (11.4) |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 96.0 (12.6) |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg), mean (SD)a | 62.5 (15.5) |
| Pulse wave velocity (m/s), mean (SD)a | 12.2 (2.5) |
| Carotid distensibility coefficient (10−3/kPa), mean (SD)a | 12.9 (4.6) |
| GFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2), mean (SD) | 79.3 (13.7) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 279 (7.6) |
| History of coronary heart disease, n (%) | 327 (8.9) |
| Antihypertensive medication, n (%) | |
| Diuretics | 355 (9.7) |
| ACE inhibitors | 204 (5.6) |
| Calcium channel blocker | 177 (4.8) |
| β-Blocker | 503 (13.7) |
ACE, angiotensin-converting-enzyme.
a
Data are on the basis of the correspondence sample size (pulse pressure, n=2950; pulse wave velocity, n=2665; and carotid distensibility, n=2344).