Table 2.
Association of measures of arterial stiffness with decline in eGFR and incidence of CKD
| Regression Models | eGFR Decline | Incident CKD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difference | 95% Confidence Interval | P Value | Relative Risk | 95% Confidence Interval | P Value | |
| Pulse pressure (n=2950) | ||||||
| Model 1 | 0.15 | 0.10 to 0.20 | <0.001 | 1.11 | 1.05 to 1.18 | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 0.13 | 0.09 to 0.18 | <0.001 | 1.10 | 1.03 to 1.17 | 0.002 |
| Carotid stiffness (n=2342) | ||||||
| Model 1 | 0.08 | 0.04 to 0.13 | <0.001 | 1.13 | 1.05 to 1.22 | 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 0.07 | 0.02 to 0.11 | 0.002 | 1.13 | 1.05 to 1.22 | 0.001 |
| Pulse wave velocity (n=2665) | ||||||
| Model 1 | 0.04 | −0.00 to 0.09 | 0.07 | 1.07 | 1.01 to 1.14 | 0.04 |
| Model 2 | 0.02 | −0.02 to 0.07 | 0.33 | 1.05 | 0.99 to 1.31 | 0.10 |
Differences (coefficients) and relative risks are calculated per each SD of arterial stiffness measures. Model 1 is adjusted for age, sex, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, baseline eGFR, and follow-up time (for analyses on incidence of CKD). Model 2 is additionally adjusted for body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, diuretics, angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and history of diabetes and coronary heart disease.