. 2015 Oct 31;35(5):585–596. doi: 10.5851/kosfa.2015.35.5.585

Table 3. Effect of citric acid on color (lightness, redness and yellowness) of sous-vide cooked broiler breast.

Place	Contents	Treatments	Storage (d)					SEM	p-value
Place	Contents	Treatments	0	3	6	9	14	SEM	Treatment	Time	Time×Treatment
Internal	CIE L*	CON	82.81^bC	83.85^nsB	83.81^bB	85.01^nsA	85.12^bA	0.30	0.001	0.395	0.770
		0.5CIT	84.18^aC	84.48^C	83.97^abC	84.24^C	83.40^abC
		2CIT	83.47^aC	84.25^C	84.34^aC	83.70^B	85.44^abA
		5CIT	83.37^aC	84.20^BC	84.26^aB	85.21^AB	86.27^aA
	SEM		0.31	0.28	0.28	0.31	0.47
	CIE a*	CON	4.41^aC	4.47^nsB	5.83^aA	4.42^aB	4.68^aAB	0.21	<0.001	0.005	0.055
		0.5CIT	2.41^bC	3.57^B	4.01^abA	4.26^aA	4.58^aA
		2CIT	3.78^bC	4.39^A	3.75^bAB	3.95^abB	2.73^bD
		5CIT	3.05^bC	3.96^A	3.96^bA	3.82^bAB	3.61^abB
	SEM		0.22	0.20	0.20	0.22	0.28
	CIE b*	CON	10.69^nsNS	10.08^b	10.23^ns	9.84^b	11.93^a	0.26	0.276	0.027	0.362
		0.5CIT	11.41^A	11.73^aA	9.90^B	10.30^aAB	10.02^bAB
		2CIT	10.17^NS	10.33^ab	9.60	10.22^a	10.77^ab
		5CIT	10.38^AB	10.89^{ab A}	9.50^B	9.85^bAB	9.40^bB

SEM			0.28	0.25	0.25	0.28	0.34

External	CIE L*	CON	84.51^aA	80.23^aC	81.71^nsBC	79.27^bC	82.89^nsB	0.37	0.012	0.821	0.015
		0.5CIT	81.81^bB	83.54^bA	82.13^B	82.20^aB	82.04^B
		2CIT	82.89^bNS	82.89^ab	81.51	81.60^ab	82.37
		5CIT	83.13^{ab A}	81.93^abB	81.42^B	81.48^abB	81.64^B
	SEM		1.01	0.65	1.01	0.95	0.52
	CIE a*	CON	3.07^nsC	4.68^aB	4.03^nsB	5.16^aA	4.3^aB	0.16	0.018	<0.001	0.003
		0.5CIT	3.45^A	2.72^bB	3.39^A	3.67^abA	3.89^abA
		2CIT	2.81^C	3.41^bA	3.99^B	3.89^abB	3.19^abC
		5CIT	3.33^A	3.27^bB	3.35^A	3.03^bB	2.86^bC
	SEM		0.45	0.30	0.35	0.53	0.30
	CIE b*	CON	10.15^bB	12.33^A	12.61^nsA	12.35^nsA	11.97^bAB	0.33	0.001	0.250	0.682
		0.5CIT	11.72^aB	12.45^nABs	12.95^AB	13.06^A	11.94^bB
		2CIT	11.22^abB	13.66^A	11.75^B	11.85^B	13.66^aA
		5CIT	11.08^abB	13.12^A	12.92^AB	13.08^A	13.35^abA

SEM			1.52	0.37	0.65	0.73	0.38

All values are the means of three replicates (n=15); -, not detected.

¹⁾CON, breast muscle treated without citric acid solution; 0.5CIT, dipped in 0.5% citric acid solution; 2CIT, dipped in 2% citric acid solution; 5CIT, dipped in 5% citric acid solution.

^2)NS, not significant.

^3)a-dDifferent superscript letters in the same column indicate significant differences among all groups, p<0.05.

^4)A-EDifferent superscript letters in the same row indicate significant differences among periods.