Figure 2.

L-SPD rescues the decreased phosphorylation and surface expression of GluA1-containing AMPA receptors in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. (a) Surface expression of GluA1 and GluA2 subunits were decreased, whereas S-GluA3 expression was not changed in APP/PS1 mice treated with vehicle. L-SPD significantly improved the levels of surface expression of GluA1 and GluA2 in APP/PS1 mice. (GluA1: n=4 in each group, GluA2: n=5 in each group, GluA3: n=4 in each group). (b) Total expression of GluA1, GluA2 and GluA3 subunits were not changed (n=4 in each group). (c) Phosphorylated levels of both pS845 and pS831 of GluA1 were decreased in APP/PS1 mice treated with vehicle. L-SPD could improve the levels of both pS845 and pS831 (n=4 in each group). (d) Phosphorylated levels of pS880 of GluA2 was not changed and L-SPD had no effect on pS880 in APP/PS1 mice (n=3 in each group). (e) Phosphorylated levels of CaMKIIα was increased in APP /PS1 mice treated with vehicle. L-SPD had no effect on p-CaMKIIα (n=6 in each group). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 versus corresponding WT group; ^#P<0.05, ^##P<0.01 versus APP/vehicle group. Data are represented as mean±S.E.M