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ADAR1-mediated A-to-I editing of endogenous dsRNA. In the presence of ADAR1, endogenous dsRNA is edited and regarded as self dsRNA that does not initiate immunogenic MDA5 recognition. In case of ADAR1 deficiency or mutation, endogenous dsRNA is recognized by MDA5 as non-self, and then activates MAVS-dependent phosphorylation of IFN-regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) and induction of IFNs, probably leading to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
