Figure 6. Localization of DYZ1 on metaphase chromosomes, interphase nuclei and spermatozoa using FISH.

(a) DYZ1 probe was labeled with Texas red, whereas metaphases and interphase nuclei were stained with DAPI. (b) Sperm nuclei are stained with DAPI. The Y bearing sperms are showing red signal of DYZ1, whereas the X bearing sperms lack the DYZ1 signal. (c) Male blood metaphase and (e) sperm samples were processed together with the experimental samples under identical conditions but not hybridized with the DYZ1 probe to exclude the background signal. (d) Female sample hybridized with DYZ1 probe. Patient IDs are shown in green. OS indicates oligospermic; AZ, azoospermic; INS, infertile males with normal spermiogram and NFM, normal fertile males.