Table 3.
Multivariable Poisson regression model of infant mortality by maternal race adjusted for social and maternal behavioral mediators among live, singleton births to Black or non-Hispanic White mothers in Michigan, 1989–2005.
| Infant mortality1
|
|
|---|---|
| RR (95% CI) | |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| White | ref |
| African–American | 1.96 (1.88, 2.04) |
| Prenatal care* | |
| Adequate | ref |
| Inadequate | 1.48 (1.43, 1.54) |
| Parity | |
| 0 previous | 1.01 (0.97, 1.06) |
| 1 previous | ref |
| 2+ | 1.22 (1.17, 1.27) |
| Marital status | |
| Unmarried | 1.28 (1.22, 1.34) |
| Married | ref |
| Maternal age | |
| <20 | 1.09 (1.03, 1.15) |
| 20–35 | ref |
| 36+ | 1.21 (1.14, 1.29) |
| Education | |
| <12 years | 1.1 (1.05, 1.15) |
| 12 years | ref |
| >12 years | 0.81 (0.78, 0.85) |
| Payment source | |
| Private insurance | ref |
| Medicaid, self-pay, other | 1.11 (1.07, 1.16) |
| Mother US born | |
| Yes | ref |
| No | 0.85 (0.77, 0.94) |
| Alcohol use | |
| None | ref |
| Yes | 1.5 (1.38, 1.64) |
| Smoking | |
| None | ref |
| Yes | 1.36 (1.3, 1.41) |
*
The Kessner/Institute of Medicine Adequacy of Prenatal Care Index (Kessner et al., 1973) was calculated and analyzed as a binary variable denoting adequate vs. inadequate prenatal care.