Table 17.

a. Estimate of the effect of education on the probability of early receipt of SS benefits through each pathway, by model specification and gender.
Pathway and education effects	Model without education dummies (specification 2)		Mode with education dummies (specification 3)
	Men	Women	Men	Women
Pathways:
Health	−0.0068	−0.0315	−0.0012	−0.0267
Not Employed	−0.0083	−0.0177	−0.0085	−0.0137
Years since Last Job	−0.0262	−0.0011	−0.0255	−0.0011
Weekly Earnings	−0.0305	−0.0514	−0.0261	−0.0439
Assets	−0.0216	−0 0140	−0.0088	−0.0012
Sum of pathway effects	−0.0933	−0.1158	−0.0702	−0.0867
Total effect of education from model with educ dummies only	−0.2536	−0.2653	−0.2536	−0.2653

b. Percent of the total education effect on probability of early receipt of SS benefits accounted for by each pathway, by model specification and gender
Pathway and non-pathway	Model without education dummies (specification 2)		Mode with education dummies (specification 3)
	Men	Women	Men	Women
Pathways:
Health	2.7%	11.9%	0.5%	10.1%
Not Employed	3.3%	6.7%	3.3%	5.1%
Years since Last Job	10.3%	0.4%	10.1%	0.4%
Weekly Earnings	12.0%	19.4%	10.3%	16.6%
Assets	8.5%	5.3%	3.5%	0.5%
Sum of pathway effects	36.8%	43.6%	27.7%	32.7%
Non-pathway direct education effect	63.2%	56.4%	72.3%	67.3%
Total effect of education	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%

Note: Bold indicates significant at 10% level or better (for included pathway effects).