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. 2015 Feb 5;45(4):1159–1169. doi: 10.1002/eji.201445132

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Combinations of TLR9 and STING agonists are potent type-1 adjuvants that also suppress type-2 immune responses in vivo. (A) mPBMCs were stimulated with K3 CpG (10 μg/mL), STING agonists (10 μM), or K3 CpG + STING agonists for 24 h and IFN-γ production was measured by ELISA. Data are representative of two independent experiments, and are shown as the mean + SEM of duplicates from one experiment, representative of two performed.*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 (one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparison test). (B and C) Mice (n ≥ 4) were immunized i.m. with OVA (10 μg) with or without K3 CpG (10 μg), 3′3′/2′3′cGAMP (1 μg), c-di-GMP (1 μg), DMXAA (50 μg), or K3 + 3′3′/ 2′3′cGAMP/c-di-GMP/ DMXAA at days 0 and 10. (B) On day 17, OVA-specific serum IgG1 and IgG2c were measured by ELISA. (C) Spleen cells were stimulated with OVA (10 μg/mL) protein for 48 h. Production of IFN-γ and IL-13 were measured by ELISA. (B and C) Each symbol represents an individual mouse. Data are representative of two independent experiments and are shown as the mean + SD of biological replicates from one experiment, representative of two performed. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 (Mann–Whitney U-test).