Table 1. Anthropometric values of 18- to 20-year-old African Americans with and without prenatal cocaine exposure (n=350).
| Prenatal Cocaine Exposure | ||||||||
| Dependent Measure | SR-/BE- n = 171 | SR+/BE- n= 25 | SR-/BE+ n = 59 | SR+/BE+ n = 95 | ||||
| Height, mean (SD), cm | 169.7 (9.7) | 171.1 (8.2) | 167.2 (12.3) | 169.0 (9.1) | ||||
| Height, mean (SD), z-scorea | -0.03 (0.94) | 0.22 (1.05) | -0.41 (1.47) | -0.11 (1.09) | ||||
| Weight, mean (SD), kg | 76.1 (20.5) | 74.5 (20.4) | 76.4 (26.2) | 74.0 (23.9) | ||||
| Weight, mean (SD), z-scorea | 0.65 (1.18) | 0.63 (1.17) | 0.56 (1.35) | 0.41 (1.40) | ||||
| Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 26.4 (6.8) | 25.5 (7.1) | 27.3 (8.4) | 25.7 (7.4) | ||||
| Body mass index, mean (SD), z-scorea | 0.60 (1.21) | 0.50 (1.14) | 0.69 (1.16) | 0.42 (1.38) | ||||
| Waist circumference, mean (SD), cm | 84.7 (17.0) | 83.3 (16.9) | 85.5 (17.9) | 84.3 (18.1) | ||||
| Hip circumference, mean (SD), cm | 100.6 (14.2) | 100.2 (14.6) | 100.4 (13.9) | 99.6 (14.9) | ||||
| Waist-to-hip ratio, mean (SD) | 0.83 (0.06) | 0.83 (0.06) | 0.85 (0.07) | 0.84 (0.07) | ||||
| Waist-to-height ratio, mean (SD) | 0.50 (0.10) | 0.49 (0.11) | 0.52 (0.12) | 0.50 (0.10) | ||||
| Percent body fat, mean (SD)b | 25.8 (9.8) | 27.5 (10.0) | 26.1 (10.4) | 26.2 (10.1) | ||||
SR+/-, self-report positive/negative prenatal cocaine use; BE+/-, benzoylecgonine positive/negative prenatal presence.
Age and sex corrections are intrinsic to the calculations for z-scores and percent body fat (ie, standardized). Means are externally corrected via statistical covariance modeling for age and sex. Standard deviations are uncorrected.
a. see reference 25 for standardization methodology.
b. see reference 24 for standardization methodology.